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Male-pattern baldness typically appears first at the hairline or top of the head. In this article, we’re going to examine the genetics behind balding, dispel a common balding myth, and look at how you can slow hereditary hair loss. Although baldness is often thought of as a male issue, hair loss can affect anyone — regardless of their gender.
Telogen effluvium
Losing your hair can be a distressing experience, but you’re not alone. Tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection of the hair shaft and follicles that primarily affects children (Figure 5). Risk factors include household exposure and exposure to contaminated hats, brushes, and barber instruments. Trichophyton tonsurans is the most common etiology in North America.14 Transmission occurs person-to-person or from asymptomatic carriers. Infectious fungal particles may remain viable for many months; other vectors include fallen infected hairs, animals, and fomites. Some forms of tinea capitis can cause inflammation of the hair follicle, resulting in scarring and permanent hair loss.
Hair loss symptoms
When hair loss is caused by your genetics, it occurs in a predictable pattern often referred to as male pattern baldness (MPB) or female pattern baldness (FPB). In June 2022, the FDA approved the first treatment for a type of hair loss in which the immune system attacks hair follicles, known as alopecia areata. It arises more gradually, as you lose about 100 hair follicles a day (the typical scalp has 100,000). Male pattern baldness starts above the temples and works its away around the edges and top of the head.
Anagen Effluvium
This usually happens because of radiation treatment or chemotherapy. Otherwise known as Aldactone, spironolactone works to treat hair loss by acting on hormones. Specifically, it binds to androgen receptors and decreases the body’s processing of testosterone.
Hair loss is an inevitable part of the aging process in both men and women. However, there are ways to protect hair follicles and slow down hair loss. In clinical trials, the drug was better than placebo at promoting hair regrowth in people with severe alopecia areata. Pattern or androgenetic hair loss affects up to half of males and females. People with the condition are genetically predisposed to have a stronger response to androgens (male hormones) in their scalp.
Traction alopecia
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The pattern of hair loss may be obvious, such as the bald patches that occur in alopecia areata, or more subtle, such as the diffuse hair loss that occurs in telogen effluvium. As with most conditions, the physician should begin the evaluation with a detailed history and physical examination. It is helpful to determine whether the hair loss is nonscarring (also called noncicatricial), which is reversible, or scarring (also called cicatricial), which is permanent. Scarring alopecia is rare and has various etiologies, including autoimmune diseases such as discoid lupus erythematosus. If the follicular orifices are absent, the alopecia is probably scarring; these patients should be referred to a dermatologist. This article will discuss approaches to nonscarring causes of alopecia.
Other treatments
There’s some evidence that Gris-PEG (griseofulvin) is effective against another fungus, Microsporum. The exact pattern of hair loss depends on what’s causing it, and it can vary based on sex. If a person thinks that hair loss may be due to a medication, they can consult a doctor for an assessment. The doctor might reduce the dosage or switch the person to a different medication. If a person has this condition, they should contact a doctor.
In reality, the genetic component of male pattern baldness still isn’t well understood, but it’s thought to be polygenic, meaning it involves more than one gene. Genetics plays a large role in determining how much hair loss you’ll see as you age. However, other factors — such as stress levels, nutrition, and medications — also cause balding. Patients with telogen effluvium may have symptoms of an underlying condition, but are often asymptomatic.
Alopecia areata is just one of many types of autoimmune diseases that can cause hair loss. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and lupus are two examples of other autoimmune diseases that can result in hair loss, according to DermNet NZ. This type of hair loss may not always be reversible — it may sometimes be permanent. But medications and hair restoration surgeries may help compensate for any hair loss. As the rest of your body recovers, so will your hair follicles. The hair loss is only temporary — your hair will grow back.
Traction alopecia is the result of environmental factors, such as wearing your hair in tight hairstyles, Agbai says. Telogen effluvium refers to the excessive shedding of hair follicles, and it occurs when hair follicles prematurely skip to the end of the hair growth cycle, she adds. There are many causes of alopecia (hair loss), including trauma, medications, fungal infections, and genetics.
For conditions like alopecia areata that may affect children as well as adults, groups can provide emotional support and even help you buy wigs or find other ways to cope. A common cause of this imbalance is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It leads to cysts on a woman’s ovaries, along with other signs and symptoms, which can include hair loss.
Hair grows on almost all of your skin surfaces — not the palms of your hands, soles of your feet, lips or eyelids. Looking at your scalp lets your doctor check for any infections or swelling and see where your hair’s falling out. It's most often temporary, but sometimes it can last for months or years. While you can buy a microneedling device without a prescription, it’s best to check with your dermatologist first.
Considering all the data, more research is needed soon on the role of nutrients in the hair cycle, its association with known alopecia diseases, and effective supplementation regimens. Generally, excessive vitamin A consumption can lead to hair loss in most people [45]. The integrity of the normal function of healthy skin and hair depends largely on an adequate and balanced diet. Whether a nutritional imbalance is a general or specific deficiency, an excessiveness of one component over another can compromise the organism’s balance. When looking at the studies published in the literature, it is apparent that the nutritional elements that cause hair loss in healthy adults are still to be thoroughly determined. Hair follicles in the anagen stage are protected from unwanted immune responses by exhibiting immune privilege from the protrusion level to the bulb.
In 2020, a review of research concluded that the treatments are safe and effective for both men and women. They showed that a stress hormone called corticosterone — which is the mouse equivalent of cortisol in humans — keeps the follicle stem cells inactive. It is perfectly normal for people to shed between 50 and 100 hairs from their heads every day, according to the American Academy of Dermatology Association. If you have scalp psoriasis, you may be able to prevent further hair loss. It’s also possible to keep the hair on your head and lose it elsewhere. The friction from wearing tight clothing, shoes, or socks can cause hair loss where you have continual rubbing.
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